Breadtalk International Marketing Plan Strategy Free Sample

Breadtalk pany Limited is a Singaporean pastry shop, established in 2000. The endeavor runs a chain of 38 retail outlets through Breadtalk Pre Limited (BreadTalk Group Limited, 2014: 1-17). These stores sell snacks, for example, buns, baked goods, cakes, and bread. Breadtalk is an engaged pany; a reasonable statement of purpose directs its activities. It additionally appreciates administrations from exceptionally prepared and qualified administrators and mitted partners. In respect boat of bread making exercises, Breadtalk pany is set for lead another way of life that prises of inventive changes and imagination in separations (BreadTalk Group Limited, 2016; 1-13). In this manner, it targets creating items with liveliness and enthusiasm. As the pany endeavors to increase petitive points of interest to withstand economic situations, Breadtalk has define long haul objectives. In the first place, the pany is upgrading its essence over the globe, specifically on the Asian Market, premium, and target halal (reword). Different destinations are the acknowledgment of the current item level by 15% close by ing back inside a period length of not exactly a year. Before the finish of the following biennium, it is focusing at developing two green market points of interest. Through its tasks, BreadTalk expects to sell its items essentially, in the Asian market, premium and halal. The pany is likewise focusing on people with experience food, for example, customizers and food pattern adherents Presently, the food showcase has b e progressively petitive because of the passage of new with comparable items. BreadTalk is pleted by Bengawal solo, Four leaves, Swee Heng and Baker Talent. To ove e these adversary panies, it is making a youthful, design and great picture to shoppers with unmistakable tastes. Having picked up fame over the previous years, BreadTalk is leading by consistency arrangement of a la mode and new bite culture. Obviously, this methodology is drawing in more customers. BreadTalk advertise division prises of up-scale suburb clients. The pany is additionally focusing on working experts and youthful ages. Another focused on bunch is high-showcase I e family units. Upgrading openness of the market, BreadTalk is concentrating on purchasers who have bread as their most loved and subsequently, think about the significance of new and sound food (Research and M 0005, 2016). Luckily, such shoppers are happy to attempt new items. They are additionally faithful to the pany and make colossal buys. Breadtalk showcase is sectioned into the accompanying; social, segment, psychographic, and land contrasts. Right now, the Asian market request depends on quality and item newness. Accordingly, the BreadTalk has e up with compelling advertising social act, for example, offering various cakes and bread. The nature of these items is exceptionally managed by the endeavor before conveyance. Another promoting conduct practice done by the pany is incitement of customers’ faculties. In this manner, all the items provided are of incentive as well as accessible in appealing bundles. BreadTalk is extending its establishment arrange quickly. While serving the whole Asian populace, the pany has manufactured the association in Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, Bahrain and Hong Kong. The demography is additionally expected to cover Sri Lanka, Qatar, Lebanon and Myanmar. Because of different areas, BreadTalk changes their item in accordance with culture. To this regard, the pany gives a blend of Asian and Western tastes coming about in around 150 distinct items. As BreadTalk is controlling these factors to fulfill the craving of clients in different areas. It likewise targets increasing more customers consequently, understanding the firm’s destinations (Peter and Donnelly, 2003). BreadTalk pany supplies exceptional items over the Asian market, making it a way of life brand.â Not referencing alluring bundling, the items are of high caliber. Moreover, they are new. This market division methodology keeps up center to extract the whole Asian Market in its line of business. Fundamentally, the pany is soldiering on to fortify its appearance over the world. This worldwide extension range is planned for making more than 500 additional outlets (Jitpleecheep, 2012). Likewise, the pany is centered around propelling two new brands; The Icing Room and Bread Society.â On a similar note, the association is offering arrangement of dispatch specials both on BreadTalk App and stores. Deliberately, the pany is likewise wellbeing focused; iPad and iPhone applications have been shaped to empower go-purchasers to purchase coupons in a hurry. They can likewise reclaim them in return for items. BreadTalk Group Limited. (2016), ‘Breadtalk Group Limited Marketline pany Profile’, pp. 1-13. BreadTalk Group Limited. (2014), ‘Breadtalk Group Limited Marketline pany Profile’, pp. 1-17. Jitpleecheep, P. (2012), ‘BreadTalk to twofold Thai presence’, Bangkok Post (Thailand) (16 May 2016) got to 24 September 2016. Dwindle, J. P., and Donnelly, J. H. (2003). An introduction to promoting the board. Boston, McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Examination and M 0005. (2016), ‘Global Fresh Baked Products Market 2016-2020 With Breadtalk, Dunkin Donuts, Einstein Bros. Bagels, Greggs, Panera Bread and Tim Hortons Dominating - Research and Markets. Business Wire (English), December, Regional Business News. With 10 years' involvement with giving exposition help,

Bio Warfare Essay -- essays research papers

Organic fighting is war pursued with destructive synthetic substances, natural operators, or radioactive materials (CBR). They can be utilized to kill a lot of individuals, obliterate food, or just briefly shock them for a short time so troops can come in and torment them or do whatever troops drove by a manipulative dictator who crushes everything. Utilizing CBR, permitted you to execute everything and leave the structures remaining rather than atomic weapons which wreck everything, put aftermath noticeable all around, and have radioactive materials wash into the ground and streams. Utilizing dangerous synthetic substances in war has been going on since the mid 1900’s during World War I (1914-1918). Synthetic substances, for example, poisonous gas, chlorine gas, phosgene, and mustard gas. The initial 3 are things that disturb the lungs, and mustard gas cause consumes. In the wake of exploring different avenues regarding these synthetic compounds, they attempted fire hurlers y et they were incapable due to their short range. In any case, that later prompted napalm. Napalms sort of like gas just longer consuming, all the more thick and it’s stickier and this is a dangerous blend. The entirety of this stuff prompted the wide utilization of fire for World War II (1939-1945). Before the finish of W.W.I, European forces have incorporated gas fighting abilities into their armed forces ordnance. During W.W.II, Germany was chipping away at a wide range of things. For example, nerve gases, the nuclear bomb, and Adolf Hitler had researchers chip away at something to build life span. Toward the finish of W.W.II each nation thought about the benefits of fatal gases than regular shoot outs and dangerous bombs. Gases, for example, nerve gas have been utilized in restricted wars since W.W.II, for example, in the Vietnam War; poisonous gas is likewise utilized by regular citizen police powers to stop riots. The more fatal gases, for example, mustard gas and nerve gas has by and large been censured by most nations. Such weapons do stay in certain stockpiles, yet bargains have disposed of them. There is proof that Iraq utilized these weapons in the Iran-Iraq War during the 1980s and that unified soldiers may have been presented to these gases during the Persian Gulf War of 1991. Different synthetic concoctions, for example, Agent Orange, that adjust the digestion of plant and cause them to pass on have been utilized in present day wilderness fighting to diminish the enemy’s spread and let troops walk in without the dread of being trapped. Later it was discovered that Agent Orange hurt everything that was close to it. It slaughtered plants, went... ...n the skin by the individuals who handle contaminated covers up and cadavers and might act naturally constraining, however regularly gets into the circulatory system, with fever and fatigue. It is portrayed by threatening pustules on uncovered skin zones. Within type is obtained by breathing in Bacillus anthracis cells, as from creature hair and fleece, which assume control over the lungs and some of the time the intestinal tract to cause lose blood. It is hypothesized that an intestinal assortment might be brought about by expending sullied meat or milk. Laborers presented to creature items, particularly fleece, are secured by immunization. Penicillin is compelling in treatment with the exception of in quickly advancing cases. The most noticeably awful episode of Bacillus anthracis happened in 1979, when a natural weapons plant in Sverdlovsk, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (present-day Yekaterinburg) discharged a vaporized type of the Bacillus anthracis pathogen. The wellspr ing of this presentation, which murdered 66 individuals, was freely denied until 1994. All in all, natural weaponry are destructive and can murder 100’s of a large number of individuals without them knowing what’s going on. At any rate it doesn’t demolish structures. So when we drop the large one, later smart animal groups can uncover whole structures and dead bodies.

INTRODUCTION TO RICHNESS

In this article, we will explore 1) an introduction to richness, 2) the biggest surprises of getting rich, 3) Steve Jobs opinion on getting rich, and 4) a conclusion. INTRODUCTION TO RICHNESS Earning good bucks in a short span of time is a dream of everybody. Becoming rich seems like getting everything in hand. One significant reason behind hoarding huge bucks is to get the extravagances of life beside the everyday needs. Some people have a particular inspiration while others want to acquire wealth for a certain ambition in life. From owning a nice house and a luxurious car to having the most expensive trip and designer brands, every person is running to get the maximum treasure. However, there is no set standard of becoming rich. If we look at the developed countries, we can see that an average U.S working class individual is richer in comparison to other individuals of the unindustrialized countries. On the other hand, a poor person who can hardly fulfill his basic needs of life can automatically become rich by migrating to some other country where there is a huge currency difference. Thus, for some people, a high class Mercedes Benz shows richness while for others it i s just an elementary requirement of life. Earning billions of dollars looks like an end of glitches and concerns. However, if we cast our eyes on the other side of the picture we can see the reality shock that a rich man experiences. Yes, the only problem which gets fixed after becoming rich is the availability of money. Once you have accumulated a good amount of cash, you will start experiencing the shortcomings of becoming rich. These drawbacks are the biggest surprises which a rich man faces in his life. Thus, getting luxuries of life is not the end of sorrows; you will have to face new challenges in life. These encounters are not only limited to yourself but also have an impact on your personal and work life. Let us see these biggest surprises. THE BIGGEST SURPRISES OF GETTING RICH 1) This will change for yourself Feeling isolated One of the biggest surprises is that youll feel isolated. It means that a rich man is not considered to be eligible for complaining even about valid things. People will never have pity for a rich man because they think he has money, which can resolve all his problems. In short, people stop treating a rich man like a human being. Low motivational level to work Once a person has received his desired aim of earning a specific amount in life and buying some specific luxuries, he will lose the enthusiasm to work hard. Fortitude towards work comes with a reason. Since a rich man has already got his desired things, he will not be willing to work hard anymore. This thing affects his professional career and long term growth. Beside this, he also feels lethargic and dull since he is not motivated to work hard anymore. Life seems boring as there is no particular aim on which he can work and strive. For instance, you have been working hard since five years to buy your own home, drive your own deluxe car, give high quality education to your kids, build your company and so on. Now that you have got everything in life, you will not strive hard to earn more because there is no inspiration. No more ambitions and goals Since there is no motivation, life will become aimless. For a person to stay healthy and fit there should be a particular aim and goal in life. The latest BMW model, which seems to be a dream, is now possible to buy. Now you can afford becoming a brand conscious person and enjoy vacations in a five star restaurant. Many billionaires have also reported about losing their focus in academics. A middle class person has a particular aim to complete his studies so that he can get a handsome job. In contrary, a tycoon is neither interested in getting a white collar job nor in starting his own business because he already has enough money to fulfill his desires. Thus, there is no goal and no determination in life. Things will lose value in your eyes You have been dreaming to get the high class Mercedes since years. This car has kept you motivated to work hard. Now that you are driving it and recently heard about the new model, it will lose value in your eyes. Things that meant so much to you before will now become useless as you always want to buy the hottest models. You need new things to get excited Since your lifestyle has changed dramatically, an average thing cannot make you glad anymore. You will always look for the best of the bests. For others, having a house like yours is a dream but for you it is just an ordinary place. Thus, cheerful moments will hardly come in your life as novelties are coming with each passing day. Insecurity about being robbed You cannot travel like any other civilian of the society. Proper security is essential for you every time. Beside this, if you are planning to visit an ordinary shopping mall like an average individual of the society does, you have to abandon your plan. Yes, there will be limited places where you can go and have fun. Chances of being robbed will keep you in stress all the time. 2) Friends and Colleagues People will start getting interested in your luxuries rather than your companionship. A new colleague who is willing to be in your group, is a friend or foe, you can never tell. Most of the people are now interested in your money rather than you. You will start experiencing a change in behavior of people. Yes, you will be highly greeted in many parties and given special treatment. Now, you will get more birthday wishes than ever and some new friends will also come at your place to greet you. Sudden marriage proposal may make you feel different, but wait, figure out if the person is interested in being your life partner or in spending your money to fulfill the desires. 3) Immediate Family and Relatives “Everything is a piece of cake for a rich man”, this is what a general perception is. Without feeling any hesitation, people will ask for hefty loans with an expectation that you won’t ask to return it early. Since you have billions of dollars in your bank account, your disapproval for a loan will end in severe disappointment and sometimes may result in abhorrence and envy. On the other hand, people will start developing unrealistic expectations of you. If there is a birthday party, your gift was supposed to be the most expensive one. You can never think of giving treat to your relatives in an average class restaurant. Luxury and class comes into mind whenever people think of you and so are their expectations. Thus, people start expecting more from you and if their expectations are not satisfied they start thinking deleterious about you. Now, people are more interested in your presents than you and it is one of the reasons they invite you to their parties. Apart from it, relati ves want to show others that they have invited multi-millionaires to their parties and that is the reason of giving special treatment to you. In addition to this, another impact of being rich comes directly on your children. Your children will not know the real value of money. It is due to the reason that they have been brought up in a comfortable environment where meeting all the desires was simple. Whether they need cash to complete their studies or just to spend their vacations in an exclusive way, they have got everything with ease. Not only are the basic needs fulfilled, but also their luxuries needs. Since childhood they have seen high class and elite looks in every part of their life, thus they can never develop a feeling to earn money with struggle. Because of this, many individuals with rich backgrounds do not possess the same qualities for struggling as their parents. Children take things for granted and are unable to understand the struggle behind earning the basic bread and butter for life. 4) Scarcity The feeling of scarcity is always present in rich peoples life. They can never believe on the fact that less is more. A poor man gets happy with the basic amenities of life; however, a rich person always has lust to get more and more luxuries. Thus, it is difficult to satisfy a rich man in comparison to a poor one. Apart from it, it is difficult to make a rich happy. An average class gift, a treat in a low level restaurant or anything below his class is unable to make him happy. Since fashion trends and innovations keep on coming, he feels difficult to get satisfied with what he has at present and looks for getting more advanced stuff. 5) Chances to Meet Fraudsters When you were poor, no one was interested in your reserves and bank balance. Now that you have millions of dollars in your account, you are more likely to meet fraudsters and dodges. People may take any approach to grab this money from you. Beside this, chances of being robbed are also increased automatically when you change your lifestyle in a better way. Now, you need security to travel from one place to another and you should keep an eye on persons taking your information smartly. Whether you are buying a new property or changing your home, you can probably meet fraudsters. Since life has changed, you cannot travel without security. Yes, another expense is waiting for you and that is the security expense. A smart financial analyst may make you fool if you do not have proper knowledge of finance. Hiring a lawyer is therefore imperative to resolve complexities. 6) Victim of Jealousy and Envy Having all the luxuries and comforts of life, you are most likely to face jealousy from others. This jealous nature may be experienced even from close relatives. Friends and relatives will start comparing their life with you. Your new sports car will never make others happy. Yes, you will receive comments like spending money for charity is good and so on. This strange reaction from others makes life miserable. No matter how good you are with others, you will encompass envy and jealousy. A colleague doing the same business as yours will definitely compare his life with yours. This jealousy becomes a source of envy and many good friends can turn into foe. It is due to this reason that a rich person has few loyal friends. Some friends are interested in your money while others start developing jealousy with you. STEVE JOBS OPINION ON GETTING RICH The cell phones which we are using these days and the laptops which are helping us in doing business with ease are the greatest contributions of Steve Jobs. In this modern era, every other person is well-aware about his personality and contributions. Having an extraordinary intelligence and creativity, Jobs has earned a lot in his life. People assume that he does not have to deal with any complication and that life brings just happiness. However, his opinion about becoming rich is different. By sharing his personal experience of earning hefty dollars, Jobs thinks that he had earned money not because he wanted to become rich but because of his passion for work. According to Jobs, he started making good dollars at the age of 23 and then his earnings got multiplied greatly. It was not his money that was driving his brain to think creatively but it was his devotion and passion for work. In addition to this, he said that he had no lust for money and because of this reason he had no fear i n trying out new things. If he had love for money, he was unable to invent so many things as there was a risk associated with each of them. CONCLUSION In a nutshell, money is not everything. People think that becoming a millionaire will resolve all their problems but in reality, excess of money puts life in crises. Money brings unanticipated sorrows and troubles that are hard to face and may put life in melancholy. It is a wrong perception that money can make a person happy. Happiness comes with loyal friends and harmony in life, which money cannot bring. Many big shots of the world are deprived of devoted friends and peace. It cannot be denied that material things last for some time. Every asset has depreciation and a time comes when all our possessions lose their original worth. With high class luxuries and top notch lifestyle, you can just have a life of comfort but trustworthy friends and mental peace cannot be achieved with money. Thus, there should be a perfect balance in life. One should not run for earning more and more money. Excess of everything brings adverse impacts and so is the case with money. Having a middle class standard is ideal and keeps oneself motivated towards working hard. Additionally, one should work in a field of life in which he has passion and interest. Steve Jobs life is a perfect example. If the main motive to work is to generate money, then life will eventually become boring. Money is just a part of life but life is not meant to earn money. Even the most precious house can be vanished with natural disasters. If you want to belong among the rich persons of the world, get ready to feel out casted from the society. All in all, the isolating experience, jealousy, hatred, loss of friends, are some of the biggest reality shocks you will face after entering into a rich from medium class. Why Money Can’t Buy Happiness

Literature and Language - 10588 Words

Chapter 9 Language and Literature There is a very close relationship between language and literature. The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is termed LITERARY STYLISTICS. It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style. 9.1 Theoretical background Our pursuit of style, the most elusive and fascinating phenomenon, has been enhanced by the constant studies of generations of scholars, â€Å"Style†, the phenomenon, has been recognized since the days of ancient rhetoric; â€Å"stylistic†, the adjective, has been with us since 1860; â€Å"stylistics†, the field, is perhaps the creation of bibliographers. (Dolores Burton, 1990) Helmut Hatzfeld was the first biographer of stylistics and†¦show more content†¦In this section, we shall briefly discuss the grammatical and semantic aspects. 9.2.1 Foregrounding and grammatical form Consider the following examples, both of which describe inner city decay in the U.S. The first is from the Observer (29 November 1995) : ex.9-1 The 1960 dream of high rise living soon turned into a nightmare. In this sentence, there is nothing grammatically unusual or â€Å"deviant† in the way the words of the sentence are put together. However, in the following verse from a poem, the grammatical structure seems to be much more challenging, and makes more demands on our interpretative processing of these lines: ex.9-2 Four storeys have no windows left to smash But in the fifth a chipped sill buttresses Mother and daughter the last mistresses Of that black block condemmed to stand, not crash. The sentence in line 2 of this verse that starts with But in the fifth is unusual in that the predicate of the sentence is made up of a sequence of embedded elements, as we can see if we write them out in a full form: â€Å"A chipped sill buttres ses mother and daughter who are the last mistresses of that black block which is condemned to stand, not crash.† Furthermore, the main verb in this sentence is buttress. This word can be either a noun or a verb, but we would argue that it is more likely to occur as a noun in less literary contexes. In literary texts,Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Language In Literature726 Words   |  3 PagesLanguage relativity suggests that the structure of a language affects its speakers’ experience and understanding of the world. In general terms, most people agree with the notion that language does shape thought and mental activity in some degree. And as is well-known, translations have never disappear in the history of literature. Hundreds of various kinds of translation works even form a unique cultural atmosphere in literature market. As a result, we can see that cross-cultural communicationRead MoreLanguage And Literature Newsletter Language Acquisition2290 Words   |   10 PagesLanguage and Literature Newsletter Language Acquisition Languages, the primary means of communication, have dominated human cultures for millennia. As Col. William Mure once correctly said, â€Å"The history of every language is inseparable from that of the people by whom it is spoken.† Languages symbolize the boom and bust of every ethnic, nation and class. For those worrying parents, we focused on nurturing children’s language ability with scientific methods. To assist you in better understanding howRead MoreEnglish Language Literature Review1373 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish language learners there are two approaches to learning a new language, bilingual education where the student is first taught in their native language before transitioning to the new language and immersion where a student is taught completely in the new language. There are benefits to both approaches. The bilingual method has more flexibility for the learner and brings aspects of the first language into the learning process. The learner is better ab le to relate the new language to his orRead MoreLiterature Review : The Home Language Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review: The home language helps to promote and preserve the cultural identity especially when people migrate to the Western countries (Kaur, 2010; Azzolina, 2007; Cavaluzzi, 2010); Del Carpio Del Carpio, 2015). 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I began with the similar syllables as most babies do mamà  , papà  , and so on. Both of my parents are from different parts of Mexico which exposed me to a Spanish speaking environment and very little writing. I wrote and read poorly in Spanish. However, the language spoken by my peers outside my home was another. Being raised in Pomona, CA my community and school practiced wo different dialects of English.Read MoreThe Use of Literature in Teaching English as a Foreign Language6056 Words   |  25 PagesThe Use of Literature in Teaching English as a Foreign Language By: Amr Alhemiary Abstract This research aims at emphasizing the use of literature as a popular technique for teaching both basic language skills (i.e. reading, writing, speaking and listening)and language areas(i.e. vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation) in our times. 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Declaration Of Independence Slaves, Women And Native...

Essay: Option 1 Declaration of Independence: Slaves, Women and Native Indians On July 4,1776 Second Continental Congress adopted a statement to fight against the unfair British Monarchy and promote the People’s Law and Republicanism by forming their own country. This statement is called â€Å"Declaration of Independence†. It was originally composed by Thomas Jefferson and later updated by the Congress.The declaration explains the reasons for thirteen states to seek republicanism and be independent themselves to be a separate nation â€Å"United States of America†. After the Seven Year War, British began charging high taxes to the American Colonist and treated them unfairly, resulting in American Revolution and passing of Declaration of Independence. We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness This is one of the earliest lines in the Declaration of Independence. It signifies the equality that Americans couldn’t find but were eager to give it, or share it with their people. The creed and color, nationality were not of high significance. Women too were supposed to be given equal rights and duties in the development of nation that Continental Congress wanted to make. Similarly, the Native Indians were to be included in their mission for prosperity and against the monarchism. When the Declaration of Independence wasShow MoreRelatedThomas Jefferson : The Second President Of The United States1458 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican, the second vice president, and one of the Founding Fathers. He was born on April 13, 1743 and Died on July 4th 1826. 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As a consequence of the formation of the country and its promises, several diverse groups had flocked to the new world to enjoy new lives of prosperity, success, and guaranteed justice. Some of these groups, in particular, had been somewhat vulnerable during the time period, given the context of the simultaneous events, including var ious conflicts around the world. Namely, these groups of people had been women, Native

The Secret to Expository Essay Samples Geography

The Secret to Expository Essay Samples Geography Introducing Expository Essay Samples Geography Explain why some students are made to leave school as soon as they are sixteen. Your essay is supposed to concentrate on why schools insist their students learn a foreign language and the way it can really help in someone's overall improvement. Explain the reason it's essential for students to understand how to do math. Most students have a hard time writing papers on geography because of its complexity. Essay writing is a difficult business whenever you're at college. More than every other sort of writing, expository writing is a daily requirement of the majority of careers. Essay writing provides a great deal of benefits to students in the academe. If you would like your expository essay to receive high grades and grab interest of the audience, you need to always opt for the topic you want. When you proceed through various samples, you won't only get ideas on distinct topics but also know how to apply unique practices to boost your writing skills. The majority of the moment, expository essays are presented by offering a wide range of topics and methods to bring up the idea. You must always start your work with collecting suitable material. As a consequence, their papers are unstructured and frequently pointless. What to Expect From Expository Essay Samples Geography? If you browse for the forms of paragraphs' you will be surprised how many results you will receive. Each paragraph needs to be restricted to the exposition of one general idea. The conclusion is a last paragraph in which you don't will need to offer new details. It should be a construction made of the past few paragraphs. The Good, the Bad and Expository Essay Samples Geography The primary goal of such an endeavor is to supply analysis and data on a particular topic. Also, it's very useful to create a graphic organizer for help. Planning the introduction, you ought to pay exclusive attention to your primary statement. Our expository service is among the most highly reputed on the planet. In this kind of essay, you should describe something without being metaphoric. In an expository essay, you're attempting to spell out how something works or why you think that it's a great idea. In school, it's an unavoidable truth that you're going to be requested to write something about a topic which sometimes you're so eager to finish. Preparing cake all on your own will end up being t he simplest and sweetest gift to reveal your love and attention for your nearest and dearest on their birthday and they will flood you with admiration and love. What About Expository Essay Samples Geography? There are several methods about how to compose an expository essay. There are plenty of ideas for expository essay writing and hence an assortment of topics. As soon as you've chosen one subject from the scope of expository essay topics, it's time to get started writing. Consequently, students may produce different thesis for unique themes to compose essays on hamlet. Expository essay topics could be selected by means of a student as inquiry. While there are lots of diverse varieties of essays, an expository essay is perhaps among the most systematic. There are a couple distinct procedures for writing an expository essay. It is the same as writing any typical 5-paragrah essay. An essay must be clear and unbiased. Your essay will have each of the vital capabilities. Expository essays offer more thorough understanding of a specific topic. While an expository essay ought to be clear and concise, it may also be lively and engaging. For you to produce a great expository essay you've got to think about the topic as it is related to the points offered and the more the points, the simpler the writing. As you have shaped understanding of this issue and made a sort of draft, you can begin writing. You should do your best, so make certain your thoughts are clear, and logical. Before you commence writing, it is recommended to look at the expectat ions and needs of the readers. Expository writing is also the most common kind of academic writing! Writing your essay by yourself isn't always possible due to many constraints like time crunch, an emergency, etc.. Writing the body gets a little more challenging. Typically, you'll want to pick 1 method for each bit of expository writing. You're anticipated to persuade the readers with your arguments, so be certain to include as many supporting academic parts of evidence as you're able to. Try to remember, though you might not be crafting the upcoming great novel, you making an effort to leave an enduring impression on the folks evaluating your essay. If you build a productive outline for your research, you should remember the simple fact that you'll never get lost. The key thing is to remain focused on your topic and adhere to the facts. You will need to present the advantages and disadvantages of such a move, then draw a conclusion accordingly. Thus, you should comprehend each word in your topic. Make certain you understand your topic.

Primus - Antipop free essay sample

As the name suggests, if you like the pre-manufacturedbands that control music today, dont buy this CD. If you likeodd-sounding, bass-driven music that can range from twangy to thrash, this albummay be for you. Bassist/frontman Les Claypools style is one of themost ingenious Ive ever heard. Guitarist Larry Ler LaLonde anddrummer Brian Brain Mantia are also amazing because they can keep upwith Claypool. There are two things that might discourage you from likingPrimus. The first is Claypools nasal voice; at first I found it annoying but gotused to it after a while. The second problem is that some of the songs are justplain dumb, or about something meaningless. For example, Ballad ofBodacious is about a bull in a rodeo. Rage Against the Machineguitarist Tom Morello co-produced and played on several tracks, which areprobably the best on the album. I think it was a great idea for him to appearbecause this combines one of the most unique bassists with one of the mostversatile guitarists. We will write a custom essay sample on Primus Antipop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Producers include Fred Durst of Limp Bizkit, co-creator ofSouth Park Matt Stone and Tom Waits. This is an all-aroundgood album. My favorite songs include the title track, Electric UncleSam, Mama Didnt Raise No Fool, Dirty Drowning Man,Power Mad and Natural Joe. Eclectic Electricis mediocre because it is eight minutes long and gets old after a while. If you are tired of the norm, get Antipop.

Tunisia Cement Market free essay sample

Country Overview Tunisia, a country of 10 million people is bound by the Mediterranean Sea to its North and East, Libya to its South and Algeria to its West. Most of its population is concentrated in and around Tunis and towards the Eastern part of the country. Tunisia attained independence from France in 1956 and currently has a rightist government headed by General Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali. Tunisias economy, traditionally based on agriculture, has diversified into mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors.Tunisias manufacturing industries (located primarily in Tunis) include textile factories, steelworks, leather, food processing, paper, wood products, and construction materials. Tourism is also an important economic activity. Petroleum, phosphates, textiles, and olive oil are the countrys leading exports. Its imports, which exceed exports, are headed by machinery, metal products, chemicals, food (particularly cereals), and transportation equipment. France and other European Union countries, as well as North African countries, are the main trade partners. We will write a custom essay sample on Tunisia Cement Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The country discovered deposits of oil and natural gas in 1964. Tunisia also has large phosphate reserves and iron ore is found in small quantity. Zinc, lead, and salt are also mined. With increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt, real growth has averaged 5. 4% in the last five years. Tunisia recorded a record growth of 6. 3% in 2007, however, this has fallen in 2008 to 5% and is expected to fall further in 2009, before improving from 2010. 2. Demand Present Demand Tunisia consumed 5. 92 mio t of cement in 2008. Cement demand in Tunisia is concentrated in the Eastern part of the country with Tunis being the largest consumption center, accounting for roughly 27% of the demand. Between 1999 and 2008, cement consumption has showed an average growth of 3. 3% pa. The primary driver for cement consumption has been residential housing construction, though of late, non-residential buildings and non-building construction have also grown considerably. The growth in housing construction is a result of growing urbanisation, wherein more than 60% of the population is urban and is expected to be 70% by the year 2020.However, cement consumption has also been constrained by the non availability of cement from time to time. This has mainly been a result of the domestic price control exercised by the Government, due to which plants have found exports more attractive than domestic sales. All new capacities sanctioned by the government are now subject to the condition that at least 70% of the output would be sold in the local market. Estimated Regional Distribution Future Demand Cement demand has been separately estimated for normal construction demand and the demand from mega projects.Total demand including mega projects is expected to grow at a higher CAGR of ~ 6% in the next 10 years. 3. Market Characteristics CEM II is the most popular cement and accounts for around 54% of the sales. CEM I constitutes around 41%. These two types of cement thus comprise 95% of the cement sold in the market. The balance is Sulphate Resistant Cement (HRS). Source: Holtec Analysis Product Types in Tunisia Approximately 85% of the cement is in bagged form. However, the share of bulk cement is gradually growing and is expected to be higher in the coming years.Wholesalers are the largest customer segment, comprising almost 66% of the total. RMC plants and concrete product manufacturers are a distant second at 14%. Exports make up the balance. Production and sales of cement is high in summer but drops sharply in winter due to the cold weather. Another lull in construction occurs during the Ramadan month. The ex factory sale prices for bagged CEM I and CEM II are TD 75/ t and TD 70/ t respectively. Prices are the same throughout the country and are fixed by the Government. The build-up to retail price for bagged cement sold through distributors is shown below.

Biotechnology essays

Biotechnology essays Biotechnology can be used to help humans. As essayist Cecie Starr and Ralph Taggart write biotechnology can be used to cure rare diseases. Biotechnology can be used to help any form of life from plants to animals and even food. For more than three billion years, nature has been conducting uncountable numbers of genetic experiments. Biotechnology is a specific science that lets us find the most beneficial traits of any living life form. Researchers use recombinant DNA technology to look at genetic changes. Recombinant DNA lets laboratory specialist cut DNA from different species and put the molecules from it into bacteria or other types of cells. Researchers also use genetic engineering when doing their homophone experiments. Genetic engineering means to isolate, modify and insert genes back into the same organism or back into a different one. This technology originated with bacteria. Bacterial cells have a single chromosome that has all the genes they need to have to grow and reproduce. But a lot of species also have something called plasmids. Plasmids are small molecules of DNA that have genes in them. Restriction enzymes are able to recognize and cut apart a foreign DNA that can enter a cell. This can help fight off viruses because it can find bad DNA and reject it. Every living thing from the simplest to the most sophisticated has a genetic code that lets you know what kind of traits it will have. Restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms, or RFLPs, give lab geneticists another way of seeing human inheritance. Not only can they track the route of physical traits or disease through a family, but they can follow the way of genetic material by tracking RFLPs through generations if they have DNA from all the family members. To find a particular gene, geneticists look for RFLPs that are always inherited with it. Genes on a chromosome have one ...

Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Science - Essay Example This burning of the wick and gaseous wax is an example of a chemical change. Thus, a chemical change (or chemical reaction) is a change in which one kind of matter is changed into a different type of matter. Some other examples of chemical changes include the rusting of your car, setting your shoe on fire or digesting food. All of these materials combine chemically with another material , and cannot be separated by any physical means. A physical change is a change in the form of matter but not in its identity. The dissolving of one thing into another thing is an illustrative. For instance, dissolving sugar into water. The water and the sugar retain their chemical identities and can be separated by physical means. One more example - ice melting to water. Ice and water are both H20. The identity of the matter is not changed, just the state that it is in. Remember: a physical change is when no new chemical substance is formed. As it has already been mentioned, a chemical reaction occurs when two or more chemical substances are mixed together and change into new substances. For this to happen, the bonds between atoms and molecules must break up and then re-form in different ways. Because the bonds can be strong, energy (usually in the form of heat), is often needed to start a reaction. The new substances (products) have different properties from those of the original substances (reactants). Remember: when a new chemical substance is produced, the change is known as a chemical change. This does not mean that new elements have been made. In order to make new elements, the nuclear contents must change, but there are magnitudes of difference in the amounts of energy in ordinary chemical reactions compared to nuclear reactions. The alchemists, in their efforts to change less expensive metals to gold, did not have the fundamental understanding of what they were attempting to do to appreciate the difference. What happens to matter when it undergoes chemical changes According to the law of conservation of mass, atoms are neither created, nor destroyed, during any chemical reaction. Thus, the same collection of atoms is present after a reaction as before the reaction. The changes that occur during a reaction just involve the rearrangement of atoms (Chemtutor, 2003; Gallagher, 2001). Chemical reactions are represented on paper by chemical equations. For example, hydrogen gas (H2) can react (burn) with oxygen gas (O2) to form water (H20). The chemical equation for this reaction is written as: The '+' is read as 'reacts with' and the arrow means 'produces'. The chemical formulas on the left represent the starting substances, called reactants. The substances produced by the reaction are shown on the right, and are called products. The numbers in front of the formulas are called coefficients (the number '1' is usually omitted). Because atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a reaction, a chemical equation must have an equal number of atoms of each element on each side of the arrow (i.e. the equation is said to be 'balanced'). Here are some more examples of chemical reactions with the corresponding chemical equations: a silver spoon tarnishes. The silver reacts with sulfur in the air to make silver sulfide, the black material we call tarnish: 2

Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars Term Paper

Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars - Term Paper Example Such feelings are never in favor of a country because they start destroying the foundations of the country slowly and gradually. When a group of people starts feeling unprivileged as compared to other people, they raise their voice against the government officials and the government’s discriminating policies, which results in starting a civil war. Kirschner, in an article states, â€Å"Individuals are more likely to continue fighting once a war begins, foreseeing severely restricted opportunities, if not annihilation, under the current state†. The best way to deal with such kinds of problems is to negotiate with the ethnic groups in order to know their concerns. If a government becomes unable to satisfy the people properly, chances of conflicts start increasing in the country, which leads the country towards many problems, such as, demand for separation or partition within the state. Chapman and Roeder state, â€Å"Partition is more likely than alternative institutiona l arrangements—specifically, unitarism, de facto separation, and autonomy arrangements—to preserve the peace and facilitate democratization† (677-691). ... Partition is one of the strategies to terminate all sorts of ethnic wars in a country. When government do not find any other way to the solution of the problems, it starts thinking of partition within the state in order to let the ethnic groups live their life on their own. However, it is never an easy decision for any government because partition destroys the autonomy and power of the government of the country. Partitions not only affect the political structure and but also affect the control of central government. Apart from these disadvantages of partition, there are several advantages of partition for the ethnic groups. Let us discuss some of the most considerable benefits in some detail in order to get a better understanding of how partitions terminate the possibility of ethnic civil wars in a country. Solution to Ethnic Wars Partitions are a good solution to the end of ethnic wars. Ethnic conflicts give rise to many problems for a country. They not only destabilize the economy of a country but also disturb the peaceful atmosphere of the whole nation. Ethnic conflicts arise when a group of people belonging to some specific culture or society start feeling unprivileged and ignored by the government. Such groups raise their voice to stop discrimination and unfairness against minorities and to give full protection to their rights. When a government fails to fulfill the demands of the ethnic groups, they start movements and strikes against the government. It acts as the starting point towards partition. Such groups start demanding a separate nation or a separate place where they can live their lives independently and in accordance with their cultures. In history, there are many examples in which different movements against the governments

Syllabus: Designing Needs Assessment

Syllabus: Designing Needs Assessment The two terms of prime focus of this study are: Syllabus and Needs. This chapter includes a literature review on different aspects of syllabus designing and needs assessment .The characteristics and many faces of Curriculum Development/ Syllabus Design are presented in addition to needs assessment, reasons for conducting needs assessment, steps in needs assessment and the relationship between syllabus designing and needs assessment. 2.1 Curriculum A key term of this study is-Curriculum, hence this section aims to give clarity on the meaning, scope and process of curriculum. A common error that comes into notice while studying curriculum development process is the synonymous use of the words-curriculum and syllabus. This section also attempts to demarcate and differentiate these two words so that the course designers and developers may systematically initiate the process in context to SGBAU. 2.1.1 Definitions of Curriculum Although the idea of curriculum is not new and has been extensively used by education planners yet there remains considerable dispute as to meaning. The word is from the Latin root currere. It means a course or race. It term originated from the running/chariot tracks of Greece. It was, literally, a course. In Latin curriculum was a racing chariot; currere was to run. Throughout the history of second-language programmes, the concept of curriculum has been important. However, there is little general agreement on actual form, function, and scope of curriculum. Before discussing the theory of curriculum development, some definitions of curriculum as quoted by Finch, A.E. (2000)1 are presented below: Stenhouse (1975) describes Curriculum as an attempt to communicate the essential properties and features of an educational proposal in such a form that it is open to critical scrutiny and capable of effective translation into practice Eisner Vallance 1974, describe curriculum as: what can and should be taught to whom, when, and how Nunan 1988 adds to his curriculum elements designated by the term syllabus along with considerations of methodology and evaluation White et al. 1991,see curriculum as concerned with objectives and methods as well as content. Such a definition involves consideration of the philosophical, social and administrative factors of a programme. Richards, Platt ,and Webber 1985, definition of curriculum focuses on the components necessary for delivering instruction and evaluating the success or failure of the curriculum.: An educational programme which states: (a) the educational purpose of the program (the ends); (b) the content, teaching procedures and learning experiences which will be necessary to achieve this purpose(the means); (c) some means for assessing whether or not the educational ends have been achieved Tanner, 1980 define curriculum as : The planned and guided learning experiences and intended learning outcomes, formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experiences, under the auspices of the school, for the learners continuous and willful growth in personal social competence. Celce-Murcia and Olshtain,2000, offer the following definition of curriculum: A language curriculum can be viewed as a document that provides guidelines for textbook writers, teacher trainers, language teachers, developers of computerized and hi-tech teaching aids, language testers, and many other populations that might function as stakeholders in the language teaching context. As such a curriculum should express the cultural, social and political perspectives of the society within which it is to be implemented. It combines past and present ideologies, experiences, philosophies, and innovations with aspirations and expectations for the future. It serves as the major framework within which educational decision making is carried out with respect to goal specification and teaching methodology, teacher training and text book selection. The term curriculum is generally seen to include the entire teaching/learning process, including materials, equipment, examinations, and the training of teachers and the syllabus, are therefore subsumed by this definition. From the above definitions and interpretations of curriculum , there emerge two broad perspectives According to the first of these, the term curriculum has a narrower scope and refers to the substance of a programme of studies of an educational system. In the second (and more recent) meaning, curriculum includes the entire teaching/learning process, including materials, equipment, examinations, and the training of teachers. 2.1.2 Curriculum Components Despite the different perspectives on the meaning and scope of curriculum, Stern (1983) identifies three major curriculum components, which are further amplified by Breen Candlin (1980) and Stenhouse (1975) as presented in table 2.1 below: TABLE 2.1: MAJOR CURRICULUM COMPONENTS OF SECOND LANGUAGE PROGRAMMES Stenhouse (1975) Breen Candlin (1980) Stern (1983) i) planning; ii) empirical study; iii) justification. i)language teaching (what is to be learned?); ii) methodology (how is the learning to be undertaken and achieved?); iii) evaluation (to what extent is i) appropriate and ii) effective?). i) purposes and content; ii)instruction; iii) evaluation. Source: STERN 1983 According to Richards, Platt ,and Webber (1985) the most important components of curriculum development are: (a) the study of the purposes for which a learner needs a language(needs analysis); (b) the setting of objectives, and the development of a syllabus, teaching methods, and materials; (c) the evaluation of the effects of these procedures on the learners language ability. Brown (1989) concentrates on the following curriculum components: needs analysis, instructional objectives, tests, materials, teaching, and evaluation. TABLE 2.2 Curriculum Process Model NEEDS ANALYSIS E V A L U A T I O N OBJECTIVES TESTING MATERIALS TEACHING (Source:Brown 1989) There are some components that are common in all the above perspectives and they are: Needs analysis Setting of objectives Teaching Evaluation However, it is important that the two prime stakeholders should be involved in the curriculum development process. As Hills 1976, puts it- no teaching/learning method however innovative or systematic can succeed without a proper consideration of the two main participants, the student and the teacher. every learner will bring a different set of knowledge and experiences to the learning process, and will construct in different ways, their own sense of the situation with which they are faced. (Williams Burden 1997:96) It is therefore necessary to involve teachers and students in the process of curriculum design and to allow for individual differences in learners (Breen Candlin 1980:94) and for changes in self-perceptions of these differences as the courses progress. In the light of these considerations, important questions about curriculum content to be addressed are: How do the learners perceive themselves as language learners? What effect do their personal constructs have upon the process of learning a new language? How do individuals go about making sense of their learning? How can teachers assist learners in making sense of their learning in ways that are personal to them? (Williams Burden1997:96) 2.1.3. The Stages of Curriculum Design Curriculum designing is a systematic process and every stage needs to be followed sequentially. Tabas outline (1962:12) of the steps which a course designer must work through to develop subject matter courses has become the foundation for many other writers suggestions. Her list of curriculum processes includes the following: Step 1. Diagnosis of needs Step 2. Formulation of objectives Step 3. Selection of content Step 4. Organization of content Step 5. Selection of learning experiences Step 6. Organization of learning experiences Step 7. Determination of what to evaluate, and the means to evaluate Cited in Yordanova Svetlana, 2000 According to Long Richards [quoted by Johnson, 1989: IX] language curriculum design is regarded as a decision making process and involves: Policy making. Needs assessment. Design and development. Teacher preparation and development. Programme management and evaluation. a) Policy making Based on the information collected about learners , educational objectives and strategies have to constructed. According to Breen (1980) -The communicative curriculum defines language learning as learning how to communicate as a member of a particular socio-cultural group. The social conventions governing language form and behavior within the group are, therefore, central to the process of language learning. For Nunan [1994] the aim of communicative language learning is achieving language proficiency based on the development of the four macro skills. The level of language proficiency therefore ,vary for different groups of learners and will depend on learners needs. Thus this a crucial stage of curriculum development as it spells out the scope of the curriculum as well as the strategy to be used for curriculum design and implementation. b) Needs assessment On the basis of the identified aim it is possible to make an analysis of the learners both linguistic needs (expressed in structures or functions) and communicative needs expressed in communication situations. Needs assessment is discussed in detail in a subsequent section of this chapter. c) Curriculum design With the aims of the curriculum identified and the needs of the learners analyzed, the specific learning goals can laid for the different levels of the course (year/term). These learning objectives can be categorized as follows: Product objective- specifying the learners target language proficiency and performance. Process or pedagogic objectives- specifying the the learning process and methodology that shall be adopted to the learning outcomes. While deciding the learning framework the following are usually ascertained: Objectives or what is intended. Means or what is to be done to achieve the objectives planned. The results or evaluation of what is achieved. L. M. Kamysheva It is important that there is a logical relationship between the ends and the means. If there is a gap or discrepancy between the objectives and the process adopted in the classroom language curriculum would fail to achieve the desired result. It is this problem that constantly challenges language planners and often results in failure of many well-conceived curriculum. Just as there are product and process objectives there are product-oriented (summative evaluation) and/or process-oriented (formative evaluation) approaches to evaluation [Weir Roberts, 1994]. Evaluation usually attempts to compare current performance with desired performance by means of testing. The evaluation can be quantitative (based on quantitative criteria) and/or qualitative (based on qualitative criteria). Sometimes a mix of both may also be adopted to obtain valid findings. d) Teacher preparation and development Teachers are a vital part of the jigsaw puzzle of curriculum development and the curriculum designing process would be incomplete without their active involvement during development and implementation stages. Moreover, they are the ones who experience the curriculum in the class and their inputs are invaluable in subsequent curriculum improvements and innovation. e) Curriculum evaluation Course evaluation acts as a measure of the effectiveness of the curriculum and also provides indicators for further improvements and innovations. Evaluation is defined by Brown as the systematic collection and analysis of the relevant information necessary to promote the improvement of a curriculum and access effectiveness and efficiency. [Johnson, 1989: 223] According to Johnson, curriculum development would consist of a process of continuous adjustments or fine tuning. Curriculum evaluation consists in the interaction of formative (process) and summative (product) evaluation. 2.2 Syllabus A syllabus outlines what will be taught and thus helps the teacher and the learner to work together towards the objectives of the curriculum. Breen offers a very general definition of syllabus: the meeting point of a perspective upon language itself, upon using language, and upon teaching and learning which is a contemporary and commonly accepted interpretation of the harmonious links between theory, research, and classroom practice. (1987a:83) Hutchinson and Waters (1987:80) cited in Rabbini Roberto, 2002, define syllabus as follows: At its simplest level a syllabus can be described as a statement of what is to be learnt. It reflects of language and linguistic performance. This definition focuses on outcomes rather than process. However, a syllabus can also be seen as a summary of the content to which learners will be exposed (Yalden.1987: 87). Yalden sees it as a representation of what will be taught and that it cannot accurately predict what will be learnt. Prabhu gives a more specific definition:specification of what is to be learnt (1987:89). For Allen HYPERLINK http://www.finchpark.com/afe/appends/(1984), the syllabus is that subpart of curriculum which is concerned with a specification of what units will be taught (Allen 1984:61), whereas for Yalden (1987), it is primarily a teachers statement about objectives and content, with formal and functional components in a dual progression of linear and spiral learning (cf. Stern 1984:14). Brumfit (1984d) specifies content (linguistic, sociolinguistic, pragmatic, cultural, substantive), and also sequences the learning that takes place, while NunanHYPERLINK http://www.finchpark.com/afe/n.htm#Nunan (1988c) takes a wider, non-specific view of a framework within which activities can be carried out: a teaching device to facilitate learning (1988c:6), and Prabhu (1987) proposes a form of support for the teaching activity that is planned in the classroom and a form of guidance in the constructio n of appropriate teaching materials (1987:86). In contrast, Kumaravadivelu sees the syllabus as a preplanned, preordained, presequenced inventory of linguistic specifications imposed in most cases on teachers and learners and claims that this is a widely recognized perspective (1993b:72). The above definitions rather than bringing clarity, add to the complexity of understanding the term syllabus: every syllabus is a particular representation of knowledge and capabilities. And this representation will be shaped by the designers views concerning the nature of language, how the language may be most appropriately taught or presented to learners, and how the language may be productively worked upon during learning. (Breen, 1987a:83) 2.2.1 Curriculum/Syllabus The two termscurriculum and syllabus, are often used synonymously with each having areas and functions not distinctly defined. The discussion and confusion between the two terms continues since these can at times be very close in meaning, depending on the context in which they are used (Nunan 1988c:3). However for course designers and developers a distinction between the scope, objectives and functions of the two terms- curriculum and syllabus is necessary. Stern (1984) defines syllabus as connected with content, structure, and organization, while curriculum development is viewed as connected with implementation, dissemination and evaluation. For Yalden (1984) syllabus is connected with learners needs and aims. Syllabus along with selection and grading of content specifies and grades learning tasks and activities. While syllabus design refers to the what of a language programme, methodology is concerned with the how (p. 7). Nunan, 1994. Candlin (1984) as cited in Nunan, 1994,states the fact that while curriculum is connected with language learning, learning purpose and experience, evaluation, and the role relationships of teachers and learners, syllabus is a more concrete term, referring to the actual events in the classroom, i.e. the application of a syllabus to a given situation. Breen (1980) sees syllabus as a part of the overall curriculum: Curriculum can be distinguished from syllabus in that a syllabus is typically a specification of the content of teaching and learning and the organization and sequencing of the content. Content and its organization is subsumed within a curriculum as a part of methodology. A syllabus is therefore only part of the overall curriculum within which it operates. Stenhouse (1975:4), and Allen (1984) proposes: [a] clear distinction, similar to that which has been prevalent in Europe, the curriculum being concerned with planning, implementation, evaluation, management, and administration of education programmes, and the syllabus focusing more narrowly on the selection and grading of content. (1984:61, cited in Nunan 1988HYPERLINK http://www.finchpark.com/afe/n.htmc:8). The position presented in Dubin and Olshtain (1986:3): A curriculum is a document of an official nature, published by a leading or central educational authority in order to serve as a framework or a set of guidelines for the teaching of a subject area-in our case a language- in a broad and varied context. Thus , a state at the national level, aboard of education at the district level, a community at the municipal level or a university or college at the local academic level may choose to issue a document stating the scope and goals of its program for teaching a second or foreign language. Accordingly, such a curriculum will present broad overall perspectives that can apply to large number of different programs within the specified context. At the state level, the document will be concerned with goals that apply to all types of schools and segments of the population. At the district level it will apply to all schools within the district and at a given university to all the language courses-even though they may be taught in different depart ments. A Syllabus, in contrast to the curriculum, is a more particularized document that addresses a specific audience of learners and teachers, a particular course of study or a particular series of textbooks. Ideally, in this sense, a curriculum should be implemented through a variety of syllabuses and each of these syllabuses should be compatible with the overall curriculum. At the state level this would mean that the curriculum provides general guidelines for all educational planners and policy makers and all material and courseware developers. All textbooks, supplementary materials, tests and courseware would be designed so as to fit the goals specified in the general curriculum. The above definitions and perspectives on syllabus and curriculum thus make it clear that curriculum has a broader scope and starts with deciding course objectives and ends with evaluation to judge whether the course objectives have been met. The term syllabus is seen as a part of curriculum which specifically refers to content selection and classroom delivery. 2.2.2 Classifications of Syllabus and Approaches to Syllabus Design There are at present several proposals and models for what a syllabus might be . Yalden (1983) describes the major current communicative syllabus types which were summarized by J.C. Richards and T.S. Rodgers (1986) with reference sources to each model: Type

Public Relations and Strategic Marketing at BMW Essay -- Business Mark

Public Relations Opportunity Public Relations or PR for short can help launch a new products sells and promotions or destroy it before a company can move it from the shelf. New companies and consumers tend to mistake Public Relations as advertising when in fact they are polar opposites. When a company advertises they pay to promote the products on TV, radio, or some type of media support. Public Relations, however the company may reap the benefits of the PR but not have to pay for it. Public Relations is defined in the following ways: â€Å"A form of communication directed at gaining public understanding and acceptance† (Learnthat, 1998-2004). â€Å"A promotion intended to create goodwill for a person or institution† (Wordnet, 2010). With all this said a company that has a good Public Relations team or person has a good chance of its product reaching the targeted market. When conducting Public Relations the company needs to understand the consumer need and show how the product will meet their needs compared to its competitors, by doing this the PR must give selling points that show why the Jabber 7 is the car that will meet his or her needs. Base on the statistical data obtain through our market research, BMW has picked the most opportunistic time to launch the Jabber 7. With the United States gas, crunch people are looking for better way to help protect the environment and save money in the process. BMW going green will not only produce a better running car not depended on harmful pollutants but will also create new jobs for thousand American to build these cars. With BMW’s quality rating over the years consumer can expect a smoother riding vehicle that comes in the BMW 600 coupe style or the luxurious style of the BMW 545 providing up t... ...BMW dealers’ car lots. The second phase of the strategic marketing plan is promotion. The marketing team will use the four principle elements to promote the Jabber 7. Public relationship, word of mouth, advertising, and point of sale are the four elements the marketing team will use to promote the Jabber 7. The marketing team will celibately race car driver to promote the car at race tracks during race days. The celebrity will attract old and younger drivers to the Jabber 7. The company will also offer free test dives at the race track and BMW locations. Marketing team will have television commercial to promote the car during sports event like football games, and basketball games. The marketing team will offer interviews to some test drivers to receive information Jabber 7 driving performance. The interviews will be use for word of mouth promotion for the company. Public Relations and Strategic Marketing at BMW Essay -- Business Mark Public Relations Opportunity Public Relations or PR for short can help launch a new products sells and promotions or destroy it before a company can move it from the shelf. New companies and consumers tend to mistake Public Relations as advertising when in fact they are polar opposites. When a company advertises they pay to promote the products on TV, radio, or some type of media support. Public Relations, however the company may reap the benefits of the PR but not have to pay for it. Public Relations is defined in the following ways: â€Å"A form of communication directed at gaining public understanding and acceptance† (Learnthat, 1998-2004). â€Å"A promotion intended to create goodwill for a person or institution† (Wordnet, 2010). With all this said a company that has a good Public Relations team or person has a good chance of its product reaching the targeted market. When conducting Public Relations the company needs to understand the consumer need and show how the product will meet their needs compared to its competitors, by doing this the PR must give selling points that show why the Jabber 7 is the car that will meet his or her needs. Base on the statistical data obtain through our market research, BMW has picked the most opportunistic time to launch the Jabber 7. With the United States gas, crunch people are looking for better way to help protect the environment and save money in the process. BMW going green will not only produce a better running car not depended on harmful pollutants but will also create new jobs for thousand American to build these cars. With BMW’s quality rating over the years consumer can expect a smoother riding vehicle that comes in the BMW 600 coupe style or the luxurious style of the BMW 545 providing up t... ...BMW dealers’ car lots. The second phase of the strategic marketing plan is promotion. The marketing team will use the four principle elements to promote the Jabber 7. Public relationship, word of mouth, advertising, and point of sale are the four elements the marketing team will use to promote the Jabber 7. The marketing team will celibately race car driver to promote the car at race tracks during race days. The celebrity will attract old and younger drivers to the Jabber 7. The company will also offer free test dives at the race track and BMW locations. Marketing team will have television commercial to promote the car during sports event like football games, and basketball games. The marketing team will offer interviews to some test drivers to receive information Jabber 7 driving performance. The interviews will be use for word of mouth promotion for the company.

Fair Value Case

Case 11-2(b) Fair Value Disclosures Case 11-2(b) is an extension of Case 11-2(a). For this case, assume that the Case 11-2(a) facts remain, with the exception of the additional assumptions listed below for each security. As stated in Case 11-2(a), Family Finance Co. (FFC) accounts for its investments at fair value, with changes in fair value reflected either in earnings (for trading securities) or other comprehensive income (OCI) (for available-for-sale (AFS) securities). Because FFC uses the interest rate swap in a cash-flow hedge, FFC measures the derivative at fair value, presenting the portion of the fair value change that effectively offsets cash flow variability on its corporate debt in OCI and the remainder in earnings. Additional facts related to specific securities and derivatives owned by FFC are described below. Also refer to the data table at the end of this section for the fair value amounts for each instrument needed to complete the case. S tudents should assume that al l amounts discussed below and those included in the data tables are U.S. dollars in thousands. Instrument 1 — Collateralized Debt Obligation †¢ FFC classifies its collateralized debt obligation (CDO) within Level 3 of the ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2012. †¢ FFC identified October 1, 2012, as the date on which the CDO’s fair value measurement changed in classification from Level 2 to Level 3. †¢ FFC determined the broker quotes were not significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety because those quotes resulted in a management adjustment to the income-approach discount rate of just 1 percent.On the basis of sensitivity analysis performed by adjusting the discount rate, management determined percentage changes of 2 percent result in a significantly higher or lower fair value. Further, management performed a qualitative assessment of the significance of these inputs to its fair value measurement and concluded that it did not place much weight on these measurements because they were based on proprietary models using unobservable inputs.That is, management could not, without unreasonable effort, conclude with sufficient assurance whether the quotes were prepared in accordance with ASC 820 and reflected current market conditions and market participant assumptions. †¢ FFC accounts for the CDO as a trading security. 1 Note that as discussed in Case 11-2(a), Instrument 4 is an equity security that does not have a readily determinable fair value and thus is not within the scope of ASC 320, Investments — Debt and Equity Securities.However, FFC has elected the fair value option for the security in accordance with ASC 82510, Financial Instruments: Overall, and thus accounts for the investment at fair value with changes in fair value recorded through earnings. C opyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved. Case 11-2(b): Fair Value Disc losures Page 2 Instrument 2 — Mortgage-Backed Security †¢ FFC classifies its mortgage-backed security (MBS) within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2012. †¢ FFC accounts for the MBS as a trading security. Instrument 3 — Auction-Rate Security †¢FFC classifies its auction-rate securities (ARSs) within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2012. †¢ FFC identified November 1, 2012, as the date on which the fair value measurement of the ARSs changed in classification from Level 2 to Level 3. †¢ FFC accounts for the ARSs as AFS securities. Instrument 4 — Equity Security of a Nonpublic Company †¢ FFC classifies its investment in Company X within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during 2012. †¢ FFC sold the equity security in October 2012 for $120. Instrument 5 — Interest Rate Swap †¢ The interest rate (IR) swap is part of a portfolio of IR swaps.FFC individually assessed the IR swaps and classified them wit hin Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2012. †¢ FFC does not measure its corporate debt at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. †¢ FFC executes IR swaps with various counterparties and accounts for its IR swap assets and liabilities on a gross basis on its balance sheet. Instrument 6 — Fuel Swap — Gasoline †¢ FFC classifies its fuel swap within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2012. †¢ The fuel swap was the only derivative in FFC’s commodity derivatives portfolio. †¢The fuel swap’s fair value at initial recognition (January 2, 2012) was $0. Furthermore, each of the four annual swaplets 2 had an inception value of $0. 2 A s waplet is akin to a swap with a single settlement. For example, an IR swap with a duration of two years that re-prices and settles every quarter can also be viewed as a sequential series of eight swaplets at inception (each swaplet is net settled a s of the settlement date specified in the swap contract). The fair value measurement of an IR swap considers the expected cash flows of all unsettled swaplets as of the measurement date.C opyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved. Case 11-2(b): Fair Value Disc losures †¢ Page 3 The first annual swaplet settled on December 31, 2012, resulting in a net cash payment to FFC of $100. Required: †¢ Using the case facts and the fair value amounts provided in the fair value data table below, prepare the annual quantitative disclosure tables required by ASC 820 as of December 31, 2012, for each of the six instruments: o For fair value measurements as of the reporting date (i. e. , December 31, 2012) separately for each class of assets and liabilities.Use blank table formats 1a and 1b below to complete the required quantitative disclosures. (Note that participants are also required to identify the classes of assets and liabilities to include in Tables 1a and 1b. ) o For assets and liabilities measured at fair value by means of significant unobservable inputs on a recurring basis, a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances (i. e. , annual table) separately for each class of assets and liabilities, including where the gains or losses included in earnings are reported in the income statement.Use blank table format 2 below to complete the required quantitative disclosures. (Note that participants are also required to identify the classes of assets and liabilities to include in Table 2. ) o For certain assets and liabilities measured at fair value, (1) the amount of the total gains or losses for the period included in earnings that are attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to those assets and liabilities still held as of the reporting date (i. e. , December 31, 2012) and (2) a description of where those unrealized gains or losses are reported in the income statement.Use blank table format 2 below to complete th e required quantitative disclosures. o For assets and liabilities measured at fair value by means of significant unobservable inputs, quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement. Use blank table format 3 below to complete the required quantitative disclosures. (Note that participants are also required to identify the classes of assets and liabilities to include in Table 3. ) †¢ Identify any qualitative disclosures required under ASC 820 for each of the six instruments as of December 31, 2012.C opyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved. Data Tables Fair Value Data Table (U. S. dollar amounts in thousands) I nstrument 1. CDO 2. MBS 3. ARS 4. Equity security of nonpublic company (PEI) 5. IR s wap (asset) 5a. IR swap portfolio — gross asset values 5b. IR swap portfolio — gross liability values 5c. IR swap portfolio — net assets by counterparty 5d. IR swap portfolio — net liability by counterparty 6. Fuel swap Beginning Balance — 1/1/2012 N/A N/A 75 90 N/A 200 (125) 105 (30) N/A Purchase Value / Date 50 / 6/1/12 85 / 9/1/12 N/A N/A 0 / 1/2/2012 Various Various VariousVarious 0 / 1/2/2012 Fair Value at Transfer Date 40 N/A 55 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Ending Balance — 12/31/2012 25 75 50 0 40 140 (100) 60 (20) 375 I ncome Statement Line I tem Trading revenues Trading revenues Other revenues Other revenues Trading revenues Trading revenues Trading revenues Trading revenues Trading revenues Trading revenues PEI = private equity investments. I nstrument 5 — IR Swap Portfolio (Support for Break-up by Counterparty to Compute Gross Values) Beginning Balance Asset Liability Net Ending balance Asset Liability Net Total A-1 200 –125 75 20 –30 –10 140 –100 40 0 –15 25 Counterparties A-2 B-1 40 20 –25 –40 15 –20 50 –15 35 30 –50 –20 B-2 120 –30 90 20 –20 0 C opyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved. Case 11-2(b): Fair Value Disc losures Page 2 Fuel Swap Data Table Pay Fixed, Receive Float (Fuel Swap) Four-year swap settles annually, executed 1/1/12, matures 12/31/15; Inception transaction price = zero (at-market swap), each of the four annual s waplets had an inception fair value = zero Cash Flow From Settlements Occurring at End of Fair Value by Period by Swaplet Swaplet Fair Value Quarter Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 TotalFair value — Year 1 (1/2/12 — beginning of period) 0 0 0 0 0 N/A — Fair value — Year 1 (12/31/12 — end of period) s ettled 120 125 130 375 Y1 100 Unobservable Inputs Data Table Collateralized Debt Obligation Credit spread Discount for lack of marketability 2% 5% Aucton-Rate Security Estimate of future coupon rates Constant prepayment rate Credit spread Discount for lack of marketability 4. 30% 4. 00% 2. 00% 15% Aucton-Rate Security U. S. unleaded gasoline forward pr ice curve (per gallon) CVA $2. 00 – $4. 00 4. 00% C opyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved. Format for Table 1a:Table 1a Description / Classes [For Assets] Fair Value Measurements as of Reporting Date Determined by Quoted Prices in Active S ignificant Other S ignificant M arkets for Identical Assets Observable Inputs Unobservable Inputs (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) [CLASSES TO BE DETERMINED BY PARTICIPANTS] T otal assets -– – – – – Format for Table 1b: Table 1b Description / Classes [For Liabilities] Fair Value Measurements as of Reporting Date Determined by Quoted Prices in Active S ignificant Other S ignificant M arkets for Identical Assets Observable Inputs Unobservable Inputs (Level 1) Level 2) (Level 3) [CLASSES TO BE DETERMINED BY PARTICIPANTS] T otal liabilities Format for Table 2: Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurement Disclosure Trading CDO AFS ARS PEI Retail Derivatives Commodities Beginning balance Total gai ns or losses (realized/unrealized): Included in earnings (or changes in net assets) Included in other comprehensive income Purchases Issues Sales Settlements Transfers into Level 3 Transfers out of Level 3 Ending balance The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the hange in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held as of the reporting date Realized Total C opyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved. Case 11-2(b): Fair Value Disc losures Page 2 Format for Table 3: Level 3 Fair Value Measurements – Quantitative Information About Significant Unobservable Inputs I nvestment Fair Value at 12/31/12 Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Value Instrument 1 Fair Value Technique Input 1 Input 2 Amount, range, etc. Amount, range, etc. Instrument 2 Fair Value Technique Input 1 Amount, range, etc. C opyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All Rights Reserved.

Net Present Value, Mergers and Acquisitions - 1406 Words

Abstract One financial goal of financial managers is to maximize the shareholders’ wealth. Therefore, merger and acquisition decisions should be consistent with shareholder wealth maximization, and financial characteristics of the targets to consider in the decision-making process. The net present value method is one of the useful methods that help financial managers to maximize shareholders’ wealth. The capital budgeting decision mergers Acquisitions Net Present Value Financial managers are working for the shareholders and their primary goal is profit maximization in order to maximize the wealth of the company and the shareholders. The Capital budgeting decision focuses on the†¦show more content†¦Online acquisitions didn t get any bigger than this† (Sennett, 2012). The impact on Google shareholders would be a negative impact on their stock. For example, â€Å"there is also a perception in the market that Google would not acquire Groupon as it will have a negative impact on Google s stock. This might be true for the shorter-term but not for the longer-term period as Groupon grows and delivers better performance† (Seeking Alpha, 2012). In addition, if Google was to acquire Groupon then Google will face tax losses. The impact on Groupon shareholders would add value to the company because Google would back it and the company could come up with more innovative ways to keep and attract new customers. The business concept for Gro upon could lead to duplications by other businesses. Groupon stock would increase and the company could have made millions of dollars off a merger with Google, since Google is already a profitable company. The financial conditions of both corporations prior to the merger were outstanding. For example, Groupon had an annual revenue of more than $500 million and the company was estimated at $1.4 billion. On the other hand, Google was already a successful company with shares of over $600. â€Å"Google Investors, however, seemed focused on Groupon’s valuation, which was estimated at 1.4 billion during its last fund-raising round in April. Shares in Google fell 4.5 percent, to $555.71; the stock was battered by newsShow MoreRelatedNet Present Value, Mergers and Acquisitions2848 Words   |  12 PagesNet present Value, Mergers and acquisitions FIN501 - Strategic Corporate Finance Net present Value, Mergers and acquisitions To start I would like to explain the difference and meaning of the present value of the future cash flows from an investment and the amount of investment. Present value of the expected cash flows is computed by discounting them at the required rate of return. 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This avenue to market Monmouth and Robertson products across resources could le ad to above average growth and profits. 2. Estimate a WACC for the acquisition. Invested Capital | 　 | $37,696,000 | 　 | 　 | 　 | Debt | | $12,000,000 | | | 　 | Equity | | $25,696,000 | | | 　 | 　 | | | | | 　 | Current market price | | $44 | | | 　 | Shares outstanding | | 584,000 | | | 　 |